Hi Kert!
I am not sure, if I understand what exactly you want to measure.
Nonetheless, some ideas...
You could use particle analysis after thresholding the image. That puts the image into the binary domain. Pixels are either on or off. (0 or 1)
Now you could select e.g the aspect ratio for each circle to determine, how "round" each circle is.
In order to see, if they are located around the same center, you could use the center of mass for each circle and examine the difference between the center of mass (C.O.M) x and y coordinate.
I hope that helps somewhat.
With some more detailed explanations on what exactly you are trying to accomplish, we could provide you with more ideas on how to solve your problem.
Regards,
Markus Tarin