David,
If you want to learn how to really program an image acquisition and machine vision application in LabVIEW, I would recommend you stay away from USB cameras. The training course manual that you purchased has plenty of exercises on how to acquire images from NI frame grabbers and IEEE 1394 cameras, but USB is not mentioned.
The good news is that you can buy a very good IEEE 1394 camera for under $500. For reference, I often turn to the
IEEE 1394 Digital Camera List. Any camera on the list that supports the IIDC specification will work with our software. The lowest cost camera on the list that I have personally tried is the Unibrain Fire-i. It's not big on performance, but if you only need a camera for training, $90 is hard to beat. A step up from there would be the cameras from The Imaging Source. Finally, for the best value, you might consider the new Basler Scout cameras, which are a little more than $500, but offer exceptional performance (resolution, speed, and image quality) in this price range.
All of these FireWire cameras will work with a consumer-grade IEEE 1394 board available at your local electronics store. Just make sure the board is OHCI-compliant. Most of them are. The Vision Development Module already includes all of the drivers to acquire directly from FireWire cameras. One last note, many recent IEEE 1394 cameras use the IEEE 1394b specification, which is twice as fast as IEEE 1394a, but requires a different cable. If you end up purchasing a camera that uses IEEE 1394b, then be sure your IEEE 1394 board also supports 1394b, or you can always purchase a 1394b to 1394a cable. In this case though, you are limited to IEEE 1394a speeds.
Finally, finding a 2mm dot on a 10' by 10' area may be tough with a low resolution camera, especially if you are trying to measure its movement or exact location. While it will be more than $500, you should consider a megapixel camera. Also, you might consider purchasing a notch filter for the front of your lens that corresponds to your laser color frequency. These filters allow only certain frequencies into the camera, which may help dramatically improve your contrast.
I hope this helps,
KyleV