Well, as you've already found out, you have to have the LabVIEW Run Time Engine installed on this other PC. This is an absolute requirement.
Unfortunately, right now there's too many variables, so the only other answer I can give you is that you should try to narrow this problem down by creating a simplified LabVIEW DLL and try to call it in your VB6 on this other computer. To be honest, I'm not sure whether not having the deployment license for the Modulation Toolkit on this other machine would actually cause VB6 to crash. I did a search on this site and didn't find anything. Still, I would suggest trying it out with the Modulation Toolkit first, Then work your way up until you find where it breaks.