If you drill down through the on-line help for the eval formula node you can find a page on the formual parser that states for variable names "Only a, a0, ..., a9, ... z, z0, ..., z9, are valid".
The quick way to this page is to search for parser in the LabView help and select Differences Between the Parser...
The Eval Formula Node.vi uses the parser VIs so it can only use the short variable names. The standard Formula Node (from the structures function palette) doesn't use the parser and can have long variable names.