I think two different issues may be causing you problems:
1. The Vision image wire is a pass by reference data type, rather than LabVIEW's typical pass by value. Consequently, using a single image in a branched wire will cause unpredictable results. I suspect this is only an issue in the example you provided, and may not be an issue in your actual project.
2. The API for IMAQ Particle Filter 2 can be difficult to understand. It is, however, able to encapsulate any logical combination of parameters that you want, just not usually on the first try. Review the following from the NI Vision Help, and also look at the corrected VI that I attached.
Range specifies whether to include or exclude the values given
in Range Lower Value and Range Upper Value.
When Range is Include (FALSE), the particle meets
the criteria if Range Lower Value £
particle measurement < Range Upper Value.
When Range is Exclude (TRUE), the particle meets
the criteria if Range Upper Value £
particle measurement or particle measurement < Range Lower
Value.
Keep/Remove Particles controls whether particles that meet any
of the criteria specified in Selection Values are removed. When
Keep/Remove Particles is TRUE, particles meeting any of the
criteria are removed. If FALSE, only particles meeting any of the criteria
remain.
Hope this helps,
Kevin C.