Hakan,
To answer your basic question, yes the AI-16E-4 + BNC 2120 would be able to acquire all 16 channels "simultaneously" as long as you set your board to a single ended mode. However, typically the signals coming from a microphone are small voltages which would definitely benefit from signal conditioning. It really depends on how accurate you want your readings to be. A straight forward and portable solution would be to use the SCC line of signal conditioning.
SCC Product PageIf you went this route, you would need an SC-2345 carrier and 8 SCC-AI dual-channel modules. We offer numerous analog input modules that provide different gains depending upon the incoming signal. I hope this inf
ormation helps.