I have solved my problem. I am not sure exactly what I did; however, I did rearrange the order of some of the function calls.
In response to Brad's help (thanks by the way), the image creation occurred (I believe) in the same thread. When the error was happening, I also happened to be creating images in other threads that I used the same processing on in that thread. This worked just fine.
I believe that the problem is related to GetImagePixelPointer, GetPixelValue, and some third function and their order of execution, but beyond that I don't know and don't plan to do too much digging at this time.
Matt