It depends on the details of your system, I think. If your I/O board supports simultanious input and output, then you certainly can move and measure at the same time. The program sends a "move this much" instruction and while it is moving, the CPU is free to perform whatever measurements you want.
I gather by your question that you are looking for a more detailed answer. Perhaps you can provide some details yourself. What hardware are you using? What sort of measurement are you looking for? Do you have some example code you are working from, or are you starting from scratch?
