Guillaume,
Yes, when the one button is pressed, it returns a "true" out of the right output terminal of the one button dialog VI. You can then attach a case structure to execute some code (such as closing the front panel of the VI).
I attached a screen shot of a simple program that uses a one button dialog and then a case structure which closes the front panel of the VI using a reference to the VI. You could also just put an "Exit LabVIEW" function in the case structure if you wanted to exit LabVIEW completely.
I hope this helps! Have a great day.
Sincerely,
Liz Fausak