gubi,
installing the Runtime Engine on the target machine is the suggested procedure to make your LabVIEW Applications work correctly, and, most important, it is the only procedure supported by National Instruments.
Technically speaking, there is a chance that your application would work only by copying the DLLs that are stored on your development system under
Program Files\National Instruments\Shared\LabVIEW Run-Time\X.X
to an identical path in your target machine.
Again, this is not a supported procedure since copying DLLs may let your application start and work, but in front of any unexpected behaviour (e.g. errors, controls missing etc.) you will be on your own.
Best Regards,
AlessioD
National Instruments