Thanks Arsala,
in very rare and desperate cases I post to some forum as a last resort because in almost every case I get it fixed shortly afterwards. It also helped this time. Yesterday I installed Ubuntu inside a VM and checked. Both variants worked correctly! So the flaw had to be caused by my system setup.
What I found out so far: Some time ago, something must have damaged my
"de_DE.utf8" GLIBC locale. Nobody cared, KDE was working properly as well as all my applications, including the LV development system. Only the
runtime engine based programs fell back to some
ISO-8859 sort of thing. After I rebuilt the
GLIBC locale, the effect was gone and the executable was fully UTF-8 aware again.
OK, it was my fault in the first place, but one thing keeps nagging: Where does the dramatically different behaviour between development system and runtime engine come from? (OK, you can treat this as a rethorical question

)
thx for your reply anyway
/cbx