It's possible. You can view the TDMS in LabVIEW by using TDMS File Viewer in Programming -> File I/O -> TDM Streaming, when you view the channel in the viewer, it can display a property "NI_DataType" and this is the data type of the channel. You can also programming in LabVIEW by using TDMS Get Properties to get the value of this property in your code.