There are many possibilities here, but they basically all deal with improper use of memory. Basically, you're stomping in a part of memory where you shouldn't be. This could be due to improper memory management when you're passing parameters to the DLL. What kind of data are you passing? Just numbers, or arrays? How about strings? It could also be the DLL itself. Without more information...
You may want to check the examples that ship with LabVIEW on how to properly interface to DLLs. There's an excellent example that covers a multitude of datatypes. You should also check the
NI Knowledgebase.