GPIB devices can be listed using the VISA Find Resource function. PXI devices, if they're DAQmx devices, can be listed using the DAQmx "DevNames" property. The VI posted
here was a start in this direction. I've never dealt with LXI devices, so I'm not sure where they would shop up.
An alternative mechanism would be to export the MAX configuration to a file which you can simply read into LabVIEW and easily parse. From MAX, select File->Export. You can select to export to native .nce filetype, or .ini, or .txt. You would only need to do this whenever your configuration changes. The advantage of this method is that it's a single source of information. Supposedly MAX has an API that you can call from LabVIEW, but I've never used it. At least that's what it says in the MAX help file.