Factoring is the decomposition of a integer number into a product of factors, which when multiplied together give the original. For example, the number 15 factors into primes as 3 × 5. It uses the Sieve of Eratosthenes, http://decibel.ni.com/content/docs/DOC-14286 to find the prime numbers which can be used for factoring.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorization
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