It seems like whether you're able to use the 2834 with or without the interlock, the intended behavior is that an interlock is required for operation, even with a single module. It is defined by the carrier, so using just one module in the carrier should mean it is required. I would try using the interlock resistor to see if the behavior on AB0 goes away. It is good feedback to know there is still some functionality that works even without the safety interlock in place.
As for your thoughts on the interpretation of documentation, I take it as you should not be able to connect to any columns on any AB without the interlock resistor in place, and that the only functionality you'd be able to run on the switch block is the integrated relay test. The 11V you are seeing may be a part of that relay test.
Kyle A.
National Instruments
Senior Applications Engineer