The most probably path to go would be to find a documented DLL that accesses this connector and go from there.
1) You do need to have a device driver to access hardware under Windows. There is no way for an application in Windows 10 to directly access hardware IO resources and physical memory from user space.
2) Calling a device driver from user space while possible, is fairly cumbersome, so you do want to have a DLL that encapsulates the device driver interface into something more easily callable.
Supposedly, AAEON does provide an SDK for Windows 10 that supports the GPIO connector. You will need to get that from them and install its driver, then read the documentation about which DLL functions you need to call in which way to access the GPIO. You can call DLLs with the Call Library Function in LabVIEW, but expect this to be quite a bit of work and being interrupted with regular crashes. Calling C APIs is cumbersome and the typically development of that is
for (every feature)
{
do
{
write code;
compile;
debug;
} while crashing;
}
if testing shows a problem goto start;
if more testing shows a problem goto start;
if even more testing shows a problem goto start;