Due to the bidirectionality of I2C, no. Some alternatives:
1. There is a library floating around to do I2C using an R series FPGA board and LabVIEW FPGA.
2. Use an USB-8451 or USB-8452. These are USB devices specifically for testing I2C and SPI interfaces. The API is pretty simple and they just work well.
3. Make your own circuit around a chip like the SC18IM700. This particular chip has a TTL UART interface (similar to your RS-232 port, but at TTL levels) to your I2C circuit. Again, the commands are pretty simple once you know how to set up your serial port (and a RS-232 to TTL adapter circuit/part).
4. Use a NI VirtualBench. Two of the digital lines can be used as an I2C master.
I have been successful with options 2, 3, and 4.
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