There are a couple of things to consider:
1. You mentioned using several SCXI-1130s in an SCXI-1001 chassis to measure around 1000 resistance inputs. If you're only doing two-wire resistance measurements, you should be able to mux over 1500 channels in a single chassis, so the multichassis configuration won't be necessary. But, if you are using the multiplexers in 4-wire mode, you'll be limited to 768 channels, so then multichassis will become important.
2. The SCXI-1357 backplane adapter includes the High-Voltage Analog Backplane, or HVAB, connections. These are not necessary, as the SCXI-1130 cannot make use of them. Modules like the SCXI-1127, 1128, 1129, and 1175 are able to connect to the HVAB, so those would be more appropriate for the SCXI-1357 (4-slot adapter) or SCXI-1358 (12-slot adapter). For the SCXI-1130, you only need a communication adapter, so the SCXI-1359 or USB-1359 are appropriate options.
3. This applies to both chassis in a multichassis configuration. Here is how your system would look for 1000 4-wire resistance channels:
16 SCXI-1130s
16 SCXI-1377 terminal blocks
1 SCXI-1001
1 SCXI-1000 (or the SCXI-1001 if you want additional expansion room)
2 SCXI-1359s (or 2 USB-1359s if you want USB control of the chassis)
If you go with the SCXI-1359s instead of the USB-1359s, you'll need a switch controller as well. This could be the PCI-4070, another NI DMM (not the NI 4060, though), or the NI 4021 switch controller. The USB-1359s eliminate the need for a separate controller.
Hope this helps!
Luke S.