Pascal,
I think that the answers to most of the questions that you have are explained in much better detail here:
Programming NI-DAQ in Text-Based LanguagesDon't forget to check out the related links section for even more details.
First off, I would reinstall the ".NET Language Support" by reinitializing the driver install. Once you do that you should find plenty of examples in the
C:\Program Files\National Instruments\MeasurementStudioVS2003\DotNET\Examples.
Even if you don't have Measurement Studio, the examples will still be placed here. Most of our example programs contain enough documentation to easily understand what is being done. For me the most difficult part is just learning how .NET behaves differently than other languages.
While having Measurement Studio is not necessary for running a .NET program, it does make programming such an application much easier.