Potentiometers work through linear displacement, so they are similar to LVDTs in that regard. Since a potentiometer is just a variable resistor, doing any kind of measurement with it means it needs to be active, meaning it needs some excitation. However, none of the modules you listed are capable of taking resistance measurements, so that probably wouldn't be of much use to you. Something like an NI 9219 would be capable of that measurement.
http://sine.ni.com/nips/cds/view/p/lang/en/nid/208789
If you are trying to calibrate your device, you can use NI MAX to create a Task and then use the Channel calibration wizard. You can do this by right-clicking your input device, NI 9203, and selecting Create New Task. You are going to be doing Acquire Signals»Analog Input»Current and then select the physical channels where your sensor is located. Under the configuration tab, select Calibration and then Calibrate.. Follow the steps through the wizard and you should be good to go.
Paul C