It definately won't run in WinCE. I'm not sure about XP embedded since I haven't worked with it. It depends on what from the core Windows SDK is not available under XP embedded.
LW/CVI 5.0 has not been tested on any XP system. The earliest version supported by XP is LW/CVI 6.0. It may work, but it is not 100% certain. I would reccomend updating, if you have no other operating systems.