It might seem obvious, but when you set up the channels you have to select the thermocouple type. I've skipped this many times.
I'm not too familiar with the device you are using, but if the readings are reading strangely it could be a problem with the thermocouples rather than the DAQ. Try switching them out, making sure they are wired correctly, maybe even use another thermocouple type. Also see if just putting in a thermocouple with the probe end not attached to anything works.
The USB 6008 has a resolution of 12 bits, which is too low to accurately take data from a thermocouple. I am using a PCI 4351 DAQ board with a 2190 terminal block and things work fine. I would first off see if the thermocouples are working by disconnecting the probe end and seeing if it can hold a steady temp, check the wiring, and seeing about getting different DAQ hardware.