It is possible to transmit such a number over GPIB. I would double check the instrument manual for what it requires. I'm going to assume that you are using a long to represent a floating pont number. Here is some example code for how you would pass this number to the GPIB ibwrt() function.
int ud = ibdev(board,PAD,SAD,timeout,eot,eos);
long myNumber = 4.2;
ibwrt(ud, &myNumber, sizeof(long));
Essentially, the driver will break down the 32-bit number into 4 8-bit chunks.
Craig A.
National Instruments Engineer